Which of the following blood groups can cause hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)?

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following blood groups can cause hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)?

Explanation:
HDN occurs when maternal antibodies against fetal red cell antigens cross the placenta and destroy fetal RBCs. The major antigen systems capable of triggering this are ABO, Rh (D), and Kell. ABO incompatibility is common and can cause HDN, typically mild and often presenting even in a first pregnancy. Rh(D) incompatibility arises when the mother is Rh negative and the fetus is Rh positive; sensitization can occur during pregnancy or with transfusion, and anti-D antibodies can cause HDN in later pregnancies. Kell antibodies are highly immunogenic and can cause significant, even severe, HDN, sometimes in first pregnancies. Since each of these antigen systems can independently lead to hemolysis in the fetus, the option listing all three is correct.

HDN occurs when maternal antibodies against fetal red cell antigens cross the placenta and destroy fetal RBCs. The major antigen systems capable of triggering this are ABO, Rh (D), and Kell. ABO incompatibility is common and can cause HDN, typically mild and often presenting even in a first pregnancy. Rh(D) incompatibility arises when the mother is Rh negative and the fetus is Rh positive; sensitization can occur during pregnancy or with transfusion, and anti-D antibodies can cause HDN in later pregnancies. Kell antibodies are highly immunogenic and can cause significant, even severe, HDN, sometimes in first pregnancies. Since each of these antigen systems can independently lead to hemolysis in the fetus, the option listing all three is correct.

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